mttiro
Inscrit le: 27 Sep 2011
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 Posté le: Mer 03 Juil 2019 4:38 pm Sujet du message: Le système Natural Shorthand de August Mengelkamp, 1917 |
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Heinrich Roller a son entrée Wikipedia. Regarder la version anglaise, plus développée que la version allemande. Roller était un personnage interessant.
Clairement inspirée du système Roller, sans le dire, est le système cursif Mengelkamp pour l’anglais. J’y suis arrivé à partir de cette page :
https://gregg-shorthand.com/2007/08/13/newwrite-cursive-notetaking-available/
August Mengelkamp
The Manual of Natural Shorthand, designed for class or self-instruction. Fifth, improved edition. Remsen, Iowa, 1917. 130 pages.
La première édition est de 1891, dit Mengelkamp.
L’édition de 1917 est ici :
https://archive.org/details/manualofnaturals00mengiala/page/n3
Jusqu’ici je n’ai rien pu trouver sur cet August Mengelkamp, qui pourrait être un Allemand établi aux États-Unis, ou le descendant d’un tel immigré. Les sites de généalogie signalent des Mengelkamp dans l’Iowa. Remsen, où il a publié son manuel, est une petite ville, alors de création récente. Wikipedia la présente ainsi : « Remsen was settled by mostly German and Luxembourg immigrants. Plagued by religious persecution, unwelcome Prussian military conscription and economic limitations, the early immigrants left their native land to start a new life in the land of opportunity now called Remsen ».
Le système Mengelkamp s’insère dans la grande tradition des sténographies cursives caractéristiques de la zone germanophone, avec ses dépendances culturelles. C’est une classe qui, pour nous Français, est complètement exotique. Les uns (Duployean sur ce forum) éprouvent une certaine révulsion à leur encontre, d’autres (dont je suis) leur trouvent une certaine séduction esthétique.
Mengelkamp a publié des manuels du système Roller en 1894 et 1896.
http://worldcat.org/identities/np-mengelkamp,%20august/
Il est ainsi clair que Mengelkamp a construit une variante personnelle de la méthode Roller. Après avoir, de manière classique, exprimé son insatisfaction devant les systèmes existants, dont il ne nomme aucun, même pas Roller, l’auteur expose ses principes ainsi :
1. The graphic style of writing: that is, a regular succession
of up and downstrokes the element of speed.
2. Words are written on the slope of ordinary writing;
thus securing an easy and uniform manual movement.
3. Acute angles and curves predominate: obtuse
w angles are entirely abolished.
4. Connective vowels: consonants and vowels join
P directly, and in their natural order.
5. No shading; all characters may be written either
light or heavy.
6. No position; only one line of writing.
The aforementioned principles are embodied in
Natural Shorthand. As such it differs from all other
systems in several important points, and from the more
prominent ones especially, by its similarity to our present
longhand. From the very outset the student can turn to
account the practice already gained from the use of ordi-
nary writing, while the forward slope of characters, the
fluent word-forms, and the predominance of curves and
sharp angles are both productive of great speed, and
conducive to the acquirement of a beautiful and legible
style of writing.
Natural Shorthand is more than any other a true
representative of spoken language, assigning as it does,
a distinct and unmistakable character to every funda-
mental sound of the English tongue. It professes a full
vowel scale, representing the sixteen simple vowel sounds
of the English language by simple and characteristic
signs. The grouping of these vowels especially will at
once appeal to the student of language and phonetics as
superior. Not only are they arranged in pairs, two to a
group, but they have also been matched with special re-
gard to affinity of sound. This will become more appar-
ent by pronouncing the key-words edge, age rip, reap
nice, noise etc. These point's of superiority no other
system can produce to the same extent. This grouping
of vowels, two to a group, short and long, is phonetically
correct, natural. The superiority of our vowel scheme
becomes still more apparent in vowel combinations,
where the vowels in words like Leo, Noah, snowy, Ionia,
Iowa, Eliu, etc., are joined as usual, without resorting to
special devices.
Ce système est destiné délibérément, non pas aux sténographes parlementaires ou aux journalistes, mais d’une part aux activités de secrétariat commercial, et d’autre part aux personnes désireuses de prendre des notes personnelles (de lecture, etc.).
L’auteur annonce que, avec le travail dûment requis, on peut atteindre une vitesse de 100 mots par minute.
Parmi les méthodes d’auto-instruction préconisées par Mengelkamp figure celle-ci :
Another, very interesting method of increasing speed
is that of concentrated practice. Take a sentence, and
write each word singly one hundred times, slowly at the
beginning, with gradually increasing speed.
Thereupon
the first and second word together, the second and third,
the third and fourth, etc., unhesitatingly, yet legibly,
each one hundred times.
Finally write the whole sentence as many times
without the slightest hesitation in
passing from one word to another. In this manner you
will soon be able to write this sentence at the rate of one
hundred words per minute and above, and within a com-
paratively short time greatly increase your speed 'also
on new matter. |
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